Politics and Empire

Governments have always taken a close interest in commodity trade – particularly as a source of taxation and government revenue. The series of trade returns 1673-1807 from The National Archives Collection (such as this example of port records) bear this out. These small folded pieces of paper listing annual trade in a variety of commodities were compiled to see which trades were strongest and might yield the best tax revenues. Even more explicitly, the manuscript volume English Excise Revenue, 1709-1785 shows the money raised on products as diverse as candles, soap, coffee, tea, chocolate, silver and cotton. There are many other files detailing duties, such as Papers Concerning the Various Rates of Duty Charged on Different Grades of Sugar Imported from Havana, Cuba. These issues are further explored in The Sugar Question With a Brief Historical Retrospect, which looks at Sugar duty including a brief retrospect from 1864-1903. Wine was also a profitable source of taxation, as can be seen in Wine Duties.

An Account of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay, in the North-West part of America… 1744 Fur Printed Book
An Account of the English Sugar Plantations, with Other Papers Relating to the Same, ff. 629 Sugar Manuscript
The American Universal Geography, Or, A View of the Present State of All the Empires, Kingdoms, States, and Republics in the Known World, and of the United States of America in Particular, Part I 1793 Miscellaneous Printed Book
The American Universal Geography, Or, A View of the Present State of All the Empires, Kingdoms, States, and Republics in the Known World, and of the United States of America in Particular, Part II 1793 Miscellaneous Printed Book
Anglo-American Middle East Oil Policy 1951-1953 Oil Report, Correspondence
Anglo-American Oil Policy: Sir William Fraser's Memoranda 1943-1944 Oil Report, Correspondence
Anglo-Persian Oil Company: Interests Outside Persia 1919-1922 Oil Report, Correspondence
Arab Oil Conference Jan 1968 - Dec 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
Ashley, John 1745-1747 Sugar Manuscript, Company Records
An Atlas of Economic Geography 1928 Miscellaneous Printed Book, Map
Australia: Refining Operations and Refinery Development 1931-1962 Oil Report, Correspondence, Clipping
Barbados Sugar, Arrowroot, British Fisheries, Imports of Tobacco 1926-1939 Miscellaneous Advertisement
The Bonanza Mines of Nevada. Gross Frauds in the Management Exposed. Reply of S. P. Dewey to The Misrepresentations of the Bonanza Firm in their Libelous Publication of May 25th, 1878 1878 Silver and Gold Pamphlet
A Brief Somme of Geographia, which Dothe Treat o all Partes and Provinces of the Worlde and Specially of Countreis Lately Dyscovered by your Maiestie and by Themperour Charles of that Name the Vth and of the Kynges of Portugall and Spayne (So Described in the Introductory Letter to Henry VIII), by Roger Barlo, ff. 1-101 1535 Spices Manuscript
British Opium Policy and its Results to India and China 1876 Opium Printed Book
Canadian Pressure Groups, Part I, by Public Affairs Dept. Toronto, Imperial Oil Limited May 1976 Oil Company Records, Manuscript
Certeine Queries Concerning his Highnesse Interest in the West Indies', Followed by Other Papers containing Propositions and Petitions for the Advancement of English Interests in America and the West Indies, the Formation of a West Indian Company, etc, ff. 86-109 ca. 1656-1658 Sugar Manuscript, Report
Cheap Coffee and Cheap Government, or, the Case of Ceylon, Briefly Stated in a Letter to Earl Grey ca. 1850 Coffee Mercantile Papers
China Books, Consisting of Copies of Minutes and Letters of Lord Auckland, Written to the British Plenipotentiaries and Commanders, etc., in China during the "Opium War" in 1840-1842. Part 1, 7 April 1840 - 8 October 1841, f. 175 1840-1841 Opium Manuscript, Correspondence
China Books, Consisting of Copies of Minutes and Letters of Lord Auckland, Written to the British Plenipotentiaries and Commanders, etc., in China during the "Opium War" in 1840-1842. Part 2, 9 October 1841 - 24 February 1842, f. 55 1841-1842 Opium Manuscript, Correspondence
China Opium Trade Profits: Statistics 1921 Opium Report, Manuscript
Coffee: Preferential Duties on Empire Coffees 1937 Coffee Report, Manuscript
The Coinage of the British Empire: an Outline of the Progress of the Coinage in Great Britain and her Dependencies, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time 1855 Silver and Gold Printed Book
A Collection of Papers relating to Trade Imports, Exports and Taxes Principally by Abraham Hill Including Notes on African Trade, the East India Company, an Account of Florida and Pennsylvania, the Value of Gold and Coin, Coal, Wine, Brandy, Silk and Wool Trade, Customs and the Population of Bermuda, 1692-1706 1692-1706 Miscellaneous Manuscript, Company Records
A Colonial Office File on the Tobacco Board in Nyasaland 1931 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Commodities of Canada and Reports on the English Right to Canada, ff 20-26 1630-1632 Miscellaneous Manuscript
Copies of Opium War Memorials, Proclamations, etc, Given to W H Medhurst by Consul R Thom 1841 Opium Manuscript
Correspondence from Charles I of England to Mikhail Fyodorovich of Russia 20 May 1631 Wheat Correspondence
Correspondence on Opium Dens and Smoking 1907 Opium Correspondence
Correspondence Respecting the Establishment of a Trade of Sugar, Rum, and Molasses Between the West Indies and West Africa 1902-1904 Miscellaneous Report, Correspondence
Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part I Jan-Jun 1910 Opium Report, Correspondence
The Cotton Trade of India: A Paper Read Before the Royal Asiatic Society 1860 Cotton Printed Book
A Counterblaste to Tobacco 1604 Tobacco Printed Book
Country Files: Cuba - Cables

From Series 48: Czarnikow-Rionda Company. Research Department Reference Files, 1954-1962

1956-1957 Sugar Company Records
De Orbe Novo Decades 1516 Tobacco Printed Book, Report
Description of Madeira in a Letter from John Shattock, f. 649 Wine and Spirits Manuscript, Report
A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India 1893 Tea Printed Book
Dissertation sur le Tabac 1787 Tobacco Printed Book
Draft of a Proclamation to Foreign Merchants Condemning Opium Trade and its Drain on Chinese Silver 1839/1840 Opium Manuscript
The Drain of Silver to the East and the Currency of India 1864 Silver and Gold Printed Book
East India Company: Court Minutes, 31 December 1606 to 26 January 1611 1606-1611 Miscellaneous Manuscript, Company Records
Empire Sugar: A Colonial Office File 1931-1932 Sugar Report, Manuscript
The Empire Supplies Our Every Need 1926-1939 Fur Advertisement
Empire Tobacco and the Lancashire Cotton Industry 1935 Tobacco Correspondence, Report
Empire Tobacco from Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1926-1939 Tobacco Advertisement
Empire Timber Exhibition, 1920: Catalogue of Exhibits 1920 Timber Catalogue
Establishment of Research Stations: A Colonial Office File on Agricultural Development in Nyasaland 1931 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Extension of the Empire Sugar Agreement 1944 Sugar Report, Manuscript
Extracts of Letters and Papers Relating to the Destruction of the Tea in Boston Harbour; 4 Nov. 1773-28 Jan. 1774, f. 206 1773-1774 Tea Manuscript
Facts about Silver 1896 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The Freedom of the Seas or The Right Which Belongs to the Dutch to Take Part in the East Indian Trade 1916 Miscellaneous Printed Book
French Government Oil Policy 1918-1919 Oil Report, Correspondence
Fuel Policy: Briefs, Minutes and Background Notes 1953-1961 Oil Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part II Jul-Dec 1910 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part III Jan-Jun 1911 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part IV Jul-Dec 1911 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part IX Jan-Nov 1915 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part V Jan-Jun 1912 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part VI Jul-Dec 1912 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part VII 1913 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part VIII 1914 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part X Jan-Sep 1916 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XI 1917 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XII 1918 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XIII 1919 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XIV 1920 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XIX Jan-Jun 1923 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XV Jan-Jun 1921 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XVI Jul-Dec 1921 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XVII Jan-Jun 1922 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XVIII Jul-Dec 1922 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XX Jul-Dec 1923 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXI 1924 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXII 1925 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXIII 1926 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXIV 1927 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXIX 1932 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXV 1928 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXVI 1929 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXVII 1930 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXVIII 1931 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXX 1933-1936 Opium Report, Correspondence
Further Correspondence Respecting Opium. Part XXXI 1937-1941 Opium Report, Correspondence
Generall Historie of Virginia 1627 Tobacco Printed Book
An Historical Account of the British Trade Over the Caspian Sea … Volume II: The Revolutions of Persia ... 1754 Miscellaneous Printed Book
The History of the British Plantations in America 1738 Tobacco Printed Book
The History of Currency, 1252 to 1894… 1896 Silver and Gold Printed Book
History of the Oil Industry in Nigeria 1972-1974 Oil Report, Correspondence
HRH Princess Mary's Christmas Fund 1914 Tobacco Tin 1914 Tobacco 360 Object
A Hudson's Bay Company Book of Charters, Petitions and Transactions 1687-1688 Fur Company Records
A Hudson's Bay Company Entry Book of Correspondence, Charters and Petitions 1670-1689 Fur Company Records
Illustrative Account of Captain Cole's Splendid Achievement in the Capture of the Island of Banda 1811 Spices Printed Book, Illustration
Imperial Conference 1930: Tobacco Situation 1930-1931 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Imports of Spirits and Sugar from Foreign Colonies to America 1733 Sugar Report, Manuscript
India in the Fifteenth Century. Being a Collection of Narratives of Voyages to India, in the Century Preceding the Portuguese Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope… 1857 Spices Printed Book
Indian Wheat versus American Protection, or, the Influence on English Trade & American Protection of the Development of India 1883 Wheat Printed Book
International Opium Conferences 1911-1914 1919 Opium Report, Manuscript
International Opium Conferences 1911-1915 1919 Opium Report, Manuscript
Journal of the Conquest of Jamaica, ff 60-61 1655 Sugar Manuscript
The Journal of John Jourdain, 1608-1617, Describing his Experiences in Arabia, India, and the Malay Archipelago 1905 Miscellaneous Printed Book
Juan Guillermi, Captain General, and Francisco de Saavedra, Intendant of Caracas, to Antonio Valdes, Forwarding a Letter (f. 15 b) from Miguel Marmion, Governor of Guayana, Recommending Certain Settlements, etc., with Tables (ff. 15 b, 18) of Timber Surveyed on the Rivers Aratura and Amaruco, etc.; Caracas, 29 Apr. 1788. f. 13 1788 Timber Manuscript
Kuwait: Oil Agreements 1934-1951 Oil Report, Correspondence
Kuwait: Oil Concessions 1932-1933 Oil Report, Correspondence
Kuwait: Petroleum Development 1935-1937 1935-1937 Oil Report, Correspondence
Kuwait: Petroleum Development 1938-1944 1938-1944 Oil Report, Correspondence
Kuwait: Petroleum Development 1944-1951 1944-1951 Oil Report, Correspondence
Kuwait: Petroleum Development 1951-1956 1951-1956 Oil Report, Correspondence, Clipping
La Historia General Delas Indias 1535 Tobacco Printed Book
League of Nations Committee to Enquire into the Tobacco Problem 1933 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
League of Nations: Opium and other Narcotics Convention 1921-1923 Opium Report, Manuscript
Legislation Controlling Opium: A Foreign Office Response to a Request for Information from the International Anti-Opium Association, Peking Apr 1919-Sep 1920 Opium Report, Manuscript
Letter from Henry Tucker, Agent for Bermuda, Arguing that Bermuda be made a Free Port 3 May 1783 Sugar Correspondence
Letters and Papers of William Blathwayt, Commissioner of Trade and Plantations, Relating to Barbados. 1664-1706 Sugar Manuscript, Report
Liverpool Papers: Papers Relating to the Customs and Trade of the British Isles and Colonies, 1763-1765 1763-1765 Sugar Manuscript, Correspondence
Malt Tax: A Letter to the Members of the House of Commons 1865 Tea Printed Book
Map of the Indian Ocean, ff. 15v-16 1558 Spices Map
A Map of that Part of Yucatan in the Bay of Honduras Allotted to Great Britain 1786 Timber Map
Marketing of Empire Tobacco 1939 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Marketing of Empire Tobacco 1935 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Meetings of Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 1961 Oil Report, Correspondence
Meetings of Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 1961 Oil Report, Correspondence, Clipping
Middle East Oil Policy: Talks with US and France 1953-1954 Oil Report, Correspondence
Middle East Pipelines: General 1949-1957 Oil Report, Correspondence
The Mint, the Exchange, and the Import and Export of Gold and Silver Coin 1603-1649 Silver and Gold Manuscript
Minute Book of the Committee of the National Union of the Working Classes 14 Oct-21 Dec 1831 Coffee Manuscript, Report
Minute Book of the Revolution Society; 16 June 1788-4 November 1791 1788-1791 Coffee Manuscript, Company Records
The Most Humble Proposal of the Merchants, Planters and Traders to the Island of Antigua (f 288) as well as Papers Related to the Settlement of Jamaica ca. 1660 Miscellaneous Manuscript, Report
Moyens de Procurer au Roi une Grande Quantité de Bois de Construction pour la Marine - Proposés au Ministère par le Sr Douin Ecuyer avec Offres de les Mettre lui Méme en éxécution sans Constituer le Roi en Aucuns Frais Queslconques & sans Aucuns Impóts Directs ni Indirects sur les Sujets de Sa Majestié 1775 Timber Manuscript, Report
Nigeria: Information on the Activities of the Oil Industry, Part 1 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
Nigeria: Information on the Activities of the Oil Industry, Part 2 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
Observations on the Report of the Select Committee of the House of Lords, relative to the Timber Trade 1821 Timber Printed Book
Oil Affairs in the Persian Gulf 1980 Oil Report
Oil Industry Activity in Nigeria 1967-1968 Oil Report, Correspondence
Oil Supplies: Long term Implications of the Middle East Crisis 1967 Oil Report, Correspondence
Opium Seizure Statistics, 1928-1930 1930 Opium Report, Manuscript
Opium: Post War Policy 1944 Opium Report, Manuscript
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Oil Committee. Middle East Crisis 1967. Principal Documents and Short History of Events 1967-1970 Oil Report, Correspondence
Organisation of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries Jan 1968 - Dec 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Conferences and Policy Jan 1968 - Dec 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): General 1979 Oil Report, Correspondence
Original George Washington Letter Written from Mount Vernon, 11 September 1762 1762 Tobacco Manuscript, Correspondence
Our Opium Trade with China 1877 Opium Printed Book
Papeles Vairios de Indias; A Volume of Similar Collections in Spanish 1606-1816 Silver and Gold Manuscript
Papers Concerning the North American Colonies: Account of the Duty on Tobacco from 25 April to 25 October 1752 6 Nov 1752 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Papers of William Pitt the Elder, Mainly Concerned with the Import and Export of Coffee 1797-1798 Coffee Correspondence, Port Records
Parte Primera De la Chronica del Peru. Que tracta la Demarcacion de sus Prouincias: la Descripcion Dellas. Las Fundaciones de las Nueuas Ciudades. Los Ritos y Costumbres delos Indios. Y Otras Cosas Estranas Dignas de ser Sabidas 1553 Silver and Gold Printed Book
Pepper: Records on Spices of the Economics Department of the Colonial Office 1939 Spices Report, Manuscript
Petroleum Committee of Arab League: Policy on Oil 1949-1961 Oil Report, Correspondence
Petroleum Position of British Empire: Memorandum for Foreign Office 1918-1919 Oil Report, Correspondence
Portrait of Michiel de Ruyter (1607-1676), Ferdinand Bol with Willem van de Velde the Younger 1667 Miscellaneous Painting
Post War Cotton Industry 1940-1943 Cotton Report, Manuscript
Privileges Granted to the People of the Hebrew Nation that are to go to the Wilde' and 'A Rule in What Manner and Condition that the Negroes shall be Delivered to the Wilde' Miscellaneous Manuscript
Privy Council Autograph Letter, 30 April 1632, Signed by Sir Thos. Wentworth, Earl of Strafford 1632 Tobacco Manuscript
Privy Council Autograph Letter, 31 August 1633, Signed by Wm, Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury 1633 Tobacco Manuscript
A Proclamation for the Restraint of the Disordered Trading for Tobacco, 29 June, 1620 1620 Tobacco Report
Production of Mahogany within the Empire: Proposed Export Duty Aug-Jul 1916 Timber Report, Manuscript
A Proposal for the Greater Use of Silver 1893 Silver and Gold Printed Book
Public Opinion Digest Dec 1977 Oil Report, Company Records
Public Opinion Digest, Issue No. 3 1 Mar 1978 Oil Report, Company Records
Public Opinion Digest, Issue No. 4 25 Aug 1978 Oil Report, Company Records
Public Opinion Digest, Special Edition: Imperial's Research Image 16 Oct 1978 Oil Report, Company Records
Qatar: Oil Concessions (Including Papers Dated 1935-1937) 1952-1961 Oil Report, Correspondence
Records and Agreements of the British North Borneo Company 1919-1934 Miscellaneous Company Records
Records of the Prime Minister's Office: Gradual Substitution of Cupro-Nickel for Silver in UK Coinage 1946 Silver and Gold Report, Manuscript
Relation of a Voyage made by Pierre Raddisson to the North Parts of America, in the Years 1682 and 1683 1682-1683 Fur Manuscript, Mercantile Papers
Restriction of Coffee Supplies to the Enemy 10 Jul 1916 Chocolate Report
Restriction of Coffee Supplies to the Enemy 10 Jul 1916 Coffee Report
Ricardo's Exchange Remedy… 1892 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The Rise and Progress of British Opium Smuggling, and its Effects Upon India, China and the Commerce of Great Britain 1856 Opium Printed Book
The Rise and Progress of British Opium Smuggling, and its Effects Upon India, China and the Commerce of Great Britain 1856 Opium Printed Book
The Royal African Company and Jamaica, ff 466-467 ca. 1660 Sugar Manuscript, Report
Russia: Memorandum on Caucasian Position by Managing Director of Baku Russian Petroleum Co., Ltd 11 May 1918 Oil Report
Saudi Arabia: Annual Review for 1978 1978-1979 Oil Report, Correspondence
Saudi Arabia: Country Assessment Paper 1979 Oil Report
Saudi Arabia: Oil Matters 1980 Oil Report, Correspondence
Saudi Arabia: Oil Policy Jan 1968 - Dec 1969 Oil Report, Correspondence
A Selection of Artworks Associated with the Hudson's Bay Company 1743-1968 Fur Painting, Illustration
A Selection of Photographs and Illustrations of Hudson's Bay Company's Forts and Factories 1867-1934 Fur Photograph, Illustration
The Silver Crisis: India's Financial and Commercial Sufferings 23 Aug 1892 Silver and Gold Printed Book
Silver in India 1892 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The Silver Pound and England's Monetary Policy since the Restoration: Together with the History of the Guinea 1887 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The Silver Question: England, India & America 1887 Silver and Gold Printed Book
Smoke Empire Tobacco 1926-1939 Tobacco Advertisement
Smoke Empire Tobacco 1926-1939 Tobacco Advertisement
Smoke Empire Tobacco 1926-1939 Tobacco Advertisement
Spices: Mace and Nutmegs: Windward Islands and Grenada 1945 Spices Report, Manuscript
Spices: Pimento 1942 Spices Report, Manuscript
A Statement of Facts, Connected with the Present State of Slavery in the British Sugar and Coffee Colonies, and in the United States of America, Together With a view of the Present Situation of the Lower Classes in the United Kingdom, Contained in a Letter Addressed to The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel 1830 Sugar Printed Book
Statements Relative to the Trade between Europe, India and China in General, and the English East India Company's Trade in Particular, 1792, f. 13, 822 1792 Miscellaneous Manuscript, Company Records
The Sugar Question With a Brief Historical Retrospect 1 Dec 1903 Sugar Report
The Sugar Trade, With the Incumbrances Thereon Laid Open, by a Barbados Planter 1734 Sugar Ephemera
The Three Voyages of Vasco Da Gama, and his Viceroyalty. From the Lendas da India of Gaspar Correa… 1869 Spices Printed Book
Tobacco Acts 1670-1783 Tobacco Printed Book, Report
Tobacco Industry in Nigeria 1931 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Tobacco Research in the Colonies: Empire Marketing Board Scheme 1930-1931 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Tobacco: Memoranda Prepared by the Imperial Institute 1932 Tobacco Report, Manuscript
Topographical, Commercial and Historical Report on the Bay Islands, Honduras, by William Everall (b.1838, d.1923), Merchant, Coffee Planter and British Vice-Consul in Guatemala; 29 Dec. 1886 1886-1893 Coffee Manuscript
The Triall of Tabacco 1610 Tobacco Printed Book
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain... From the Only Exact Copy made of the Original Manuscript… Volume I 1908 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain... From the Only Exact Copy made of the Original Manuscript… Volume II 1910 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain... From the Only Exact Copy made of the Original Manuscript… Volume III 1910 Silver and Gold Printed Book, Map
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain... From the Only Exact Copy made of the Original Manuscript… Volume IV 1912 Silver and Gold Printed Book
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain... From the Only Exact Copy made of the Original Manuscript… Volume V 1916 Silver and Gold Printed Book
A True State of the Case Between the British Northern Colonies and the Sugar Islands in America 1732 Sugar Ephemera
A Trve Discovrse of ... Virginia 1615 Tobacco Printed Book
The United States of America and the Question of Silver in its Coinage in 1880 1893 Silver and Gold Printed Book
United States Policy Towards the Middle East 1980 Oil Report, Correspondence
View of Itamaracà Island in Brazil, Frans Post 1637 Sugar Painting
The Voyage of John Huyghen Van Linschoten to the East Indies… 1885 Spices Printed Book
Yemen: British Petroleum Interests 1936-1962 Oil Report, Correspondence